自动变速箱油（ATF）不仅承担润滑作用，还承担着传递动力、传递液压信号、冷却和清洁等多重功能。可以说，变速箱油就是自动变速箱的“血液”。

Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) not only provides lubrication, but also serves multiple functions such as transmitting power, hydraulic signals, cooling, and cleaning. It can be said that transmission oil is the "blood" of automatic transmissions.

换油周期是多少？ 不同车型、不同变速箱类型的换油周期各不相同。AT自动变速箱理论换油周期为5年或10万公里，MT手动变速箱为8年或15万公里，CVT无级变速箱约为10万公里，DCT双离合变速箱约为6万公里。如果车辆使用手册未标明具体换油时间，一般可按照6万至8万公里的里程来更换。需要特别警惕“终身免维护”的说法——这不过是车企在理想工况下的理论值，现实中的堵车、重载、高温都在加速油液老化。

What is the oil change interval? The oil change intervals vary for different vehicle models and transmission types. The theoretical oil change interval for AT automatic transmission is 5 years or 100000 kilometers, for MT manual transmission it is 8 years or 150000 kilometers, for CVT continuously variable transmission it is about 100000 kilometers, and for DCT dual clutch transmission it is about 60000 kilometers. If the vehicle manual does not specify the specific oil change time, it can generally be replaced according to a mileage of 60000 to 80000 kilometers. Special attention should be paid to the statement of "lifetime maintenance free" - this is just the theoretical value of car companies under ideal working conditions, and in reality, traffic jams, heavy loads, and high temperatures are accelerating oil aging.

重力换油还是循环换油？ 这是车主们最常纠结的问题。重力换油是拧开变速箱底部的放油螺丝让旧油流出，再加入新油——这种方式大约只能更换30%的变速箱油，仍有70%的旧油残留在变速箱内。循环换油则使用专用设备，在变速箱运转过程中将旧油充分循环排出，换油率可达90%以上。循环换油效果更好，但费用也更高。需要注意的是，无论哪种方式都要在发动机启动、变速箱油达到工作温度的状态下进行。

Gravity oil change or circulation oil change? This is the most common dilemma for car owners. Gravity oil change is the process of unscrewing the drain screw at the bottom of the gearbox to allow old oil to flow out, and then adding new oil - this method can only replace about 30% of the gearbox oil, leaving 70% of the old oil remaining in the gearbox. Circulating oil change uses specialized equipment to fully circulate and drain the old oil during the operation of the gearbox, with an oil change rate of over 90%. Circulating oil change has a better effect, but the cost is also higher. It should be noted that regardless of the method, it should be carried out when the engine is started and the transmission oil reaches operating temperature.

换油必须更换滤网——这是许多车主容易忽略的关键步骤。就像给鱼缸换水不换过滤棉一样，不更换滤网，再清澈的油也撑不了多久。滤网堵塞会导致油压不足，进而引发一系列变速箱故障。

Replacing the oil filter is a crucial step that many car owners tend to overlook. Just like changing the water in a fish tank without changing the filter cotton, no matter how clear the oil is, it won't last long without changing the filter. Blockage of the filter can lead to insufficient oil pressure, which in turn can cause a series of transmission failures.

油品选择：型号错了等于白修

Oil selection: Incorrect model is equivalent to no repair

自动变速箱油不像发动机机油那样有一定的通用性——基本上是一款变速箱对应一款油，换错型号很容易导致变速箱故障。CVT变速箱必须使用专用的CVT油，普通ATF油的粘度不够，用了必定出问题。不同品牌、不同车系的变速箱油认证标准也各不相同。

Automatic transmission oil does not have a certain universality like engine oil - basically one type of oil corresponds to one transmission, and changing the wrong model can easily lead to transmission failure. The CVT gearbox must use specialized CVT oil, and the viscosity of ordinary ATF oil is not enough, which will inevitably cause problems if used. The certification standards for transmission oil vary among different brands and car series.

曾经有车主将绿色的CVT专用油错加成红色的ATF自动变速箱油，导致变速箱钢带表面布满划痕，维修账单高达4万元。这两类油的摩擦系数和粘度特性完全不同——CVT油需要承受钢带与锥轮间高达400牛·米的摩擦力，而ATF油则是为齿轮啮合设计的。选错油品，短期看不出问题，但金属磨损会像慢性毒药一样侵蚀变速箱。专家建议尽量选用原厂油品——汽车厂家根据变速箱的技术指标设计出有针对性的油品，使用这样的油品可以保持变速箱良好的机械性能、延长寿命。

Once, a car owner mistakenly added green CVT special oil to red ATF automatic transmission oil, causing scratches on the surface of the transmission steel strip and a repair bill of up to 40000 yuan. The friction coefficient and viscosity characteristics of these two types of oil are completely different - CVT oil needs to withstand a friction force of up to 400 Nm between the steel strip and the bevel wheel, while ATF oil is designed for gear meshing. Choosing the wrong oil may not reveal any problems in the short term, but metal wear can corrode the gearbox like a chronic poison. Experts suggest using original oil products as much as possible - car manufacturers design targeted oil products based on the technical specifications of the gearbox. Using such oil products can maintain good mechanical performance and extend the life of the gearbox.

规范维修：拆卸与装配的“工匠精神”

Standardized maintenance: the "craftsman spirit" of disassembly and assembly

自动变速箱的维修是一项非常细致的工作。规范的维修流程需要经过多个严谨的步骤。

The maintenance of automatic transmissions is a very meticulous task. A standardized maintenance process requires multiple rigorous steps.

拆卸前的准备至关重要。要先查对变速箱型号，向配件供应商了解配件供应情况——在不能保证起码的易损件和必换件的情况下，不应立即拆卸解体。不要采取“先解体、再找配件”的做法，否则可能因配件困难导致无法恢复。

Preparation before disassembly is crucial. It is necessary to first check the transmission model and inquire with the parts supplier about the supply situation of the parts - if the minimum vulnerable parts and necessary replacement parts cannot be guaranteed, they should not be disassembled immediately. Do not adopt the approach of "disassembling first and then finding accessories", otherwise it may be difficult to restore due to difficulty in finding accessories.

拆卸过程有严格的顺序要求。自动变速箱壳体大多用铝合金铸成，拆卸时严禁使用撬棍和铁器直接敲打。拆卸液控阀体时要特别小心，上下阀体分离时要防止滚珠、卡环等掉落，要准确记住正确位置。拆检单向离合器时必须注意正确的配装方向。

The dismantling process has strict sequential requirements. The housing of automatic transmissions is mostly made of aluminum alloy, and it is strictly prohibited to use pry bars and iron tools to directly strike during disassembly. Be particularly careful when disassembling the hydraulic control valve body. When separating the upper and lower valve bodies, prevent the ball bearings, snap rings, etc. from falling off, and remember the correct position accurately. When disassembling and inspecting the one-way clutch, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct installation direction.

装配环节同样容不得半点马虎。垫上O型密封圈等易损件原则上拆卸后应更换新件。新离合器片、制动器片需在变速箱油中浸泡吸足油后才能装合。阀芯、活塞、密封件等装合时应涂上变速箱油。每个螺丝都要按规定力矩拧紧——拧松了漏油，拧紧了可能把壳体拧裂。

The assembly process also cannot tolerate any carelessness. In principle, vulnerable parts such as O-ring seals should be replaced with new ones after disassembly. The new clutch plates and brake plates need to be soaked and fully absorbed in the transmission oil before they can be installed. When assembling valve cores, pistons, seals, etc., they should be coated with transmission oil. Each screw must be tightened to the specified torque - loosening may result in oil leakage, and tightening may cause the housing to crack.