一、手动变速箱

　　1、 Manual transmission

　　手动变速箱MT，又称机械式变速器，即必须用手拨动变速杆(俗称"挡把")才能改变变速器内的齿轮啮合位置，改变传动比，从而达到变速的目的。

　　Manual transmission MT, also known as mechanical transmission, requires manually shifting the gear lever (commonly known as the "gear lever") to change the meshing position of the gears inside the transmission, change the transmission ratio, and achieve the purpose of shifting.

　　二、自动变速箱

　　2、 Automatic transmission

　　自动变速箱在国际上已成为主流，主要有AT、AMT、CVT 和 DCT/DSG等类型。

　　Automatic transmissions have become mainstream internationally, mainly including AT, AMT, CVT, and DCT/DSG types.

　　1、AT 变速箱前期传动系统以 4AT 为主，朝多方向发展，如 6AT、8AT、9AT。AT 具有换挡平稳、舒适性好、传递功率能力强等特点，但其燃油经济性差，制造成本高。

　　1. The initial transmission system of AT gearbox is mainly based on 4AT and is developing in multiple directions, such as 6AT, 8AT, and 9AT. AT has the characteristics of smooth shifting, good comfort, and strong power transmission ability, but its fuel economy is poor and manufacturing cost is high.

　　2、AMT 是在传统的手动变速器基础上，只改变了手动操作部分，通过电子控制的自动操纵系统来实现自动换挡。AMT 的结构简单，成本低，燃油经济性好，但其舒适性差，自动化控制难度大。

　　2. AMT is based on the traditional manual transmission, only changing the manual operation part, and achieving automatic shifting through an electronically controlled automatic control system. AMT has a simple structure, low cost, and good fuel economy, but its comfort is poor and automation control is difficult.

　　3、CVT 是真正意义上的无级变速器，零件少、体积小，具有效率高、低油耗的优点，还可以作为动力耦合兼变速器匹配在混合动力汽车上。但其存在制造复杂、投资大、传动带易损坏且寿命短等缺点。

　　3. CVT is a true continuously variable transmission with few parts and small size, which has the advantages of high efficiency and low fuel consumption. It can also be used as a power coupling and transmission matching in hybrid vehicles. But it has disadvantages such as complex manufacturing, high investment, easy damage to the transmission belt, and short service life.

　　4、DCT/DSG 采用了两个离合器的结构，换挡过程与 AT 类似。DCT/DSG 继承了手动变速器燃油经济性好、质量高等优点，在换挡过程中不存在动力中断，换挡舒适性好。变速箱日常应该如何养护呢？

　　4. The DCT/DSG adopts a structure of two clutches, and the shifting process is similar to that of AT. DCT/DSG inherits the advantages of good fuel economy and high quality of manual transmission, with no power interruption during shifting and good shifting comfort. How should the gearbox be maintained on a daily basis?

　　1、及时检查变速箱要及时检查变速箱内油液的液量，保证其维持在规定的范围内，并且根据实际工作情况及时进行补填，补填时需要保证新加入的油液是同一种油液，更换油液时要趁着变速箱工作时，及时放出里面之前的油液，并且进行清洗。要定时检查变速箱齿轮的工作状态，保证齿轮之间啮合在最佳的状态下，并且及时进行清理，保证齿轮与轴之间配合完善。

　　1. Timely inspection of the gearbox: It is necessary to check the amount of oil in the gearbox in a timely manner to ensure that it remains within the specified range, and to replenish it in a timely manner according to the actual working situation. When replenishing, it is necessary to ensure that the newly added oil is of the same type. When replacing the oil, it is necessary to drain the previous oil while the gearbox is working and clean it in a timely manner. Regularly check the working condition of the gearbox gears to ensure optimal meshing between them, and clean them in a timely manner to ensure perfect coordination between the gears and the shaft.

　　2、及时检查变速箱不同连接部位的状态日常维护过程中，要对变速箱各连接部位的状态进行检查，及时发现是否出现松动、磨损损坏等故障。连接部位出现松动时要及时拧紧，损坏位置及时进行修复更换。及时检查轴端面油封与外部结合部位是否出现漏油渗油状况，及时更换失效的油封与胶垫。

　　2. Timely check the status of different connection parts of the gearbox. During daily maintenance, it is necessary to inspect the status of each connection part of the gearbox to promptly detect any looseness, wear, damage, or other faults. When the connection part becomes loose, it should be tightened in a timely manner, and the damaged area should be repaired and replaced in a timely manner. Timely check whether there is oil leakage or seepage at the joint between the shaft end face oil seal and the external part, and replace the failed oil seal and gasket in a timely manner.

　　3、变速箱结构部件的维护变速箱的日常维护要注重变速箱结构件的维护，要注重对变速箱齿轮、轴承以及不同轴之间的维护。要及时检查变速箱齿轮是否发生磨损、打齿以及啮合发生错误等问题。要加强轴承的检查，注意轴承轴向或者径向间隙过大、隔套磨损等问题。对于变速箱内结构件要做到正确养护与检查，保证其运行在最佳状态下，并且能够及时发现问题并解决。

　　3. The maintenance of gearbox structural components should pay attention to the maintenance of gearbox structural components in daily maintenance, and focus on the maintenance of gearbox gears, bearings, and between different shafts. It is necessary to promptly check whether the gearbox gears are worn, toothed, or have meshing errors. We need to strengthen the inspection of bearings, paying attention to issues such as excessive axial or radial clearance of bearings, and wear of spacers. Proper maintenance and inspection should be carried out on the structural components inside the gearbox to ensure that they operate in optimal condition and can promptly detect and solve problems.

　　4、养成良好的驾驶习惯日常使用过程中，要养成良好的开车习惯。在进行换挡时，操作变速操纵杆不能太用力，要采用规定的方法防止打坏齿轮、损坏操纵杆拨叉以及损坏操纵杆等问题。换挡时要保证离合器或刹车踏板彻底踩下后才可以操纵操纵杆，防止打坏齿轮。

　　4. Develop good driving habits in daily use. When shifting gears, do not use too much force to operate the gear lever. Use prescribed methods to prevent damage to gears, lever forks, and levers. When shifting gears, ensure that the clutch or brake pedal is fully depressed before operating the control lever to prevent gear damage.

　　5、变速箱油应参考车辆保养手册，并结合实际车况适时更换。

　　5. The transmission oil should refer to the vehicle maintenance manual and be replaced in a timely manner based on the actual vehicle condition.

　　本文由 济南自动变速箱维修  友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.jnbsx.com/  真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from Jinan Automatic Transmission Maintenance For more related knowledge, please click http://www.jnbsx.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.