汽车的变速箱起什么作用？

　　What is the function of a car's gearbox?

　　变速箱是汽车的重要部件之一，是由齿轮、轴承和轴组成的机械传动装置。变速箱也被称为自动变速器，它是通过改变传动比来改变发动机输出扭矩的装置。目前市场上主要有4挡自动变速器、7挡自动变速器和8挡自动变速箱等。变速箱的种类繁多，有液力变矩器和行星齿轮变速器两种。变速箱由换档操纵机构（离合器、制动器）、传动轴和飞轮等部件组成，并可改变传动比以适应不同的车速和扭矩要求，实现汽车行驶时的加减速度，以获得最佳动力性能。现代汽车上使用的自动变速箱有液力变矩器式、行星齿轮式和机械无级变速箱等。

　　The gearbox is one of the important components of a car, which is a mechanical transmission device composed of gears, bearings, and shafts. A gearbox, also known as an automatic transmission, is a device that changes the engine output torque by altering the gear ratio. At present, there are mainly 4-speed automatic transmissions, 7-speed automatic transmissions, and 8-speed automatic transmissions on the market. There are various types of transmissions, including hydraulic torque converters and planetary gear transmissions. The gearbox consists of shift control mechanism (clutch, brake), transmission shaft, flywheel and other components, and can change the transmission ratio to adapt to different vehicle speeds and torque requirements, achieving acceleration and deceleration during vehicle operation to achieve optimal power performance. The automatic transmissions used in modern cars include hydraulic torque converter type, planetary gear type, and mechanical continuously variable transmission.

　　降低油耗

　　Reduce fuel consumption

　　变速器在发动机和车轮之间传递动力，可以通过改变变速器齿轮的啮合来降低发动机的转速。此外，变速器还可以通过改变挡位来降低行驶阻力，减少行驶阻力的产生。这将大大降低汽车在行驶过程中的油耗。当汽车以高时速行驶时，发动机工作效率较低，但当速度增加到一定程度时，发动机效率提高到一定水平，但此时仍可维持较低速度。当车辆在弯道行驶时，车速难以控制。此时，变速器可以自动对发动机转速进行调节。

　　The transmission transmits power between the engine and the wheels, and can reduce the engine speed by changing the meshing of the transmission gears. In addition, the transmission can also reduce driving resistance by changing gears, reducing the generation of driving resistance. This will greatly reduce the fuel consumption of the car during driving. When the car is driving at high speeds, the engine efficiency is low, but when the speed increases to a certain level, the engine efficiency improves to a certain level, but the low speed can still be maintained at this time. When the vehicle is driving on a bend, the speed is difficult to control. At this point, the transmission can automatically adjust the engine speed.

　　提高动力

　　Improve power

　　动力是汽车行驶的主要驱动力，也是汽车的主要性能指标。发动机输出功率与其转速成正比，发动机转速越高，输出功率越大。但如果发动机的转速太高，就会造成燃料浪费，同时也会降低动力输出。因此，为提高动力性，需要对发动机进行转速控制。在汽车行驶过程中，需要根据车速和油门大小控制发动机的转速，使其在最经济和最有效的转速范围内工作。这个过程就是我们常说的换挡过程，换挡也是变速器最重要的功能之一。汽车行驶时最常用的挡位有1、2、3、4、5档等。为了使发动机在不同速度下工作在最经济的区间内，通过变速器操纵机构改变传动比来实现发动机输出扭矩。

　　Power is the main driving force and performance indicator of a car. The output power of the engine is proportional to its speed, and the higher the engine speed, the greater the output power. But if the engine speed is too high, it will cause fuel waste and also reduce power output. Therefore, in order to improve power performance, it is necessary to control the engine speed. During the driving process of a car, it is necessary to control the engine speed according to the vehicle speed and throttle size, so that it operates within the most economical and efficient speed range. This process is commonly known as the shifting process, and shifting is also one of the most important functions of the transmission. The most commonly used gears when driving a car are 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, etc. In order to operate the engine in the most economical range at different speeds, the transmission control mechanism is used to change the gear ratio to achieve engine output torque.

　　减轻负担

　　reduce the burden

　　汽车上的传动机构主要是变速箱，的作用是将发动机的动力传递到车轮上，从而使发动机发出的动力得到充分利用。因此，在车辆上起着非常重要的作用。一辆车如果有4个独立的齿轮，那么它就可以由一个齿轮带动，2个齿轮，这样4个齿轮就可以代替一个独立的齿轮箱，而且四个独立的齿轮箱还会互相连接在一起形成一个整体。所以变速箱就减轻了汽车上笨重的机械部分，使汽车变得轻巧、灵活、容易操作。

　　The transmission mechanism on a car is mainly the gearbox, which is used to transmit the power of the engine to the wheels, thereby fully utilizing the power generated by the engine. Therefore, it plays a very important role in vehicles. If a car has four independent gears, it can be driven by one gear and two gears, so that the four gears can replace an independent gearbox, and the four independent gearboxes will also be connected to each other to form a whole. So the gearbox reduces the bulky mechanical parts on the car, making it lightweight, flexible, and easy to operate.

　　换挡平顺

　　smooth gear shifting

　　换挡平顺主要体现在换挡过程中齿轮啮合的时候，如果齿轮啮合不均匀，就会产生冲击，导致抖动。采用液力变矩器式自动变速器，可以改善这一问题。它通过在两个相互啮合的齿轮上安装离合器，利用离合器和传动轴的相对运动实现换挡过程中动力的连续传递。这种技术可以使发动机和变速器在不同的工作状态下快速、平稳地完成换挡。这样就能大大提高车辆的燃油经济性，从而达到节能减排的目的。还有一种自动变速器是采用电子控制离合器的无级变速器，它不仅能够改善换挡时的冲击和抖动，还能改善汽车在换挡时的平顺性。该技术已广泛应用于乘用车和商用车。

　　Smooth gear shifting is mainly reflected in the gear meshing during the shifting process. If the gear meshing is uneven, it will generate impact and cause shaking. The use of a hydraulic torque converter automatic transmission can improve this problem. It achieves continuous power transmission during gear shifting by installing clutches on two meshing gears and utilizing the relative motion between the clutches and the transmission shaft. This technology can enable the engine and transmission to quickly and smoothly shift gears in different working states. This can greatly improve the fuel economy of vehicles, thereby achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. Another type of automatic transmission is a continuously variable transmission that uses an electronically controlled clutch. It can not only improve the impact and vibration during shifting, but also enhance the smoothness of the car during shifting. This technology has been widely applied in passenger cars and commercial vehicles.

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