在驾驶汽车时，我们有时会遇到变速箱异响的问题。这种异响不仅影响驾驶体验，还可能预示着潜在的机械故障。本文将结合四张图片，详细解析变速箱异响的常见类型、原因及其解决方案。

　　When driving a car, we sometimes encounter the problem of abnormal gearbox noise. This kind of abnormal noise not only affects the driving experience, but may also indicate potential mechanical failures. This article will combine four images to analyze in detail the common types, causes, and solutions of gearbox abnormal noise.

　　一、变速箱异响的常见类型

　　1、 Common types of gearbox abnormal noise

　　根据工况，变速箱异响主要分为以下几种类型：S&S Rattle（挂挡敲击声）描述：挂在空挡，发动机启动或熄火时，变速箱发出的咔哒断续敲击声响。Idle Rattle（怠速敲击声）描述：挂在空挡，不加油门，车辆怠速时，变速箱发出的咔哒持续敲击声响。Drive Rattle（行驶敲击声）描述：挂在档位上，加油门，车辆加速行驶时，变速箱或手柄发出咔哒声响。Creeping Rattle（爬行敲击声）描述：挂在档位上，不加油门，车辆在很低的车速下爬行时，变速箱发出的咔哒声响。

　　According to the working conditions, the abnormal noise of the transmission can be mainly divided into the following types: S&S Rattle. Description: The intermittent clicking sound emitted by the transmission when the engine is started or stopped while in neutral. Idle Rattle Description: The continuous clicking sound emitted by the transmission when the vehicle is idling in neutral without the throttle. Drive Rattle Description: When the vehicle is in gear, the fuel door, and accelerating, the gearbox or handle makes a clicking sound. Creeping Rattle description: The clicking sound emitted by the gearbox when the vehicle crawls at a very low speed without filling the gas door while in gear.

　　二、变速箱异响的原因初探

　　2、 Preliminary Exploration into the Causes of Abnormal Transmission Noise

　　1. 发动机输出转速和扭振发动机作为动力输出源，其输出扭矩的波动水平和工作转速范围直接影响Driveline的共振幅度和共振频率。离合器减振性能通过合适的扭转刚度和阻尼的配合，改变Driveline的固有频率，并衰减发动机输出扭振的幅值。2. 变速箱关键尺寸作为Driveline的噪声源，变速箱内部齿轮的间隙、阻力矩和惯性质量的大小直接决定。由于齿轮间的撞击引发了振动，振动经过轴、轴承传到箱体，再由壳体转变成能被人们听到的噪声。3. 整车集成关键零件参数前置前驱车型，轮胎刚度阻尼、半轴刚度阻尼、整备质量、压缩机功率对Driveline NVH都有重要影响。4. 空气传递路径变速箱敲击噪声通过变速箱壳体、防火墙后辐射至驾驶舱内被乘客感知。5. 结构传递路径变速箱敲击噪声通过拉索和变速箱mount等结构件传递至驾驶舱内被乘客感知。

　　1. Engine output speed and torsional vibration. As a power output source, the fluctuation level and operating speed range of the output torque of the engine directly affect the resonance amplitude and frequency of the Driveline. The damping performance of the clutch changes the natural frequency of the Driveline and attenuates the amplitude of the engine output torsional vibration through the appropriate combination of torsional stiffness and damping. 2. As the noise source of Driveline, the key dimensions of the gearbox are directly determined by the clearance, drag torque, and inertia mass of the gears inside the gearbox. Due to the impact between gears, vibration is generated, which is transmitted through the shaft and bearings to the casing, and then transformed into audible noise by the casing. 3. The key component parameters of the vehicle integration include front wheel drive models, tire stiffness damping, half axle stiffness damping, curb weight, and compressor power, all of which have significant impacts on Driveline NVH. 4. The knocking noise of the gearbox in the air transmission path radiates into the cockpit through the gearbox housing and firewall, and is perceived by passengers. 5. The structural transmission path of the gearbox knocking noise is transmitted to the cockpit through structural components such as cables and gearbox mounts, which are perceived by passengers.

　　三、变速箱异响的原因初探之发动机

　　3、 Preliminary Exploration into the Causes of Abnormal Transmission Noise: Engine

　　由于发动机中燃烧气体的压力和活塞往复运动产生的周期性惯性力，使扭矩呈脉动周期变化，经过离合器传递到变速箱啮合齿轮。由于齿轮啮合存在间隙，而且非承载齿轮副从动轮处于随动状态将引起齿轮的敲击。齿轮间的敲击振动，通过齿轮轴和轴承等传至变速箱体，引起壳体的薄壁振动，振动经悬置、换挡拉线、离合器高压油管等结构路径传递到车内引起噪声；另一方面，变速箱壳体辐射的噪声经过防火墙传递到车内。

　　Due to the pressure of combustion gases in the engine and the periodic inertial force generated by the reciprocating motion of the piston, the torque exhibits pulsating periodic changes, which are transmitted to the meshing gears of the gearbox through the clutch. Due to the presence of gaps in gear meshing and the fact that the non load bearing gear pair's driven wheel is in a following state, it will cause gear impact. The knocking vibration between gears is transmitted to the gearbox through gear shafts and bearings, causing thin-walled vibration of the housing. The vibration is transmitted to the interior of the vehicle through structural paths such as suspension, shift cables, and clutch high-pressure oil pipes, causing noise; On the other hand, the noise radiated by the gearbox casing is transmitted into the car through the firewall.

　　四、变速箱异响的原因初探之离合器

　　4、 Preliminary exploration of the causes of abnormal gearbox noise: clutch

　　离合器作为传动系中的减振部件，主要功能之一是：衰减来自发动机端的扭振波动。从驾驶工况 怠速、爬行、加速、倒拖区分，离合器设计了驱动侧和倒拖侧的预减振和主减振区域。预减振主要为怠速工况设计，同时也要兼顾爬行工况，此两种工况的扭矩较小。在加速和倒拖工况，扭矩较大时，预减振压死，主减振起减振作用。如果离合器刚好工作在不同刚度的拐点附近（撞墙），则离合器减振性能会大幅下降，甚至放大发动机扭矩。

　　As a damping component in the transmission system, one of the main functions of the clutch is to attenuate torsional vibration fluctuations from the engine end. The clutch is designed with pre damping and main damping areas on the driving side and reverse drag side to distinguish between idle, crawling, acceleration, and reverse drag driving conditions. Pre damping is mainly designed for idle working conditions, while also taking into account crawling working conditions, both of which have relatively low torque. In acceleration and reverse drag conditions, when the torque is high, the pre damping is compressed and the main damping plays a damping role. If the clutch works just near the inflection point of different stiffness (hitting the wall), the damping performance of the clutch will significantly decrease, and even amplify the engine torque.

　　五、解决方案

　　5、 Solution

　　检查和调整离合器确保离合器工作在合适的刚度范围内，避免在拐点附近工作。定期检查离合器的磨损情况，及时更换磨损严重的部件。检查和调整变速箱检查变速箱内部齿轮的间隙和磨损情况，及时调整或更换。检查变速箱壳体和防火墙的密封情况，防止噪声传递。检查和调整发动机检查发动机的燃烧情况和活塞运动，确保其正常工作。检查发动机的悬置系统，确保其能够有效衰减振动。检查和调整整车集成检查轮胎刚度和阻尼，确保其符合车辆设计要求。检查整车的减振系统，确保其能够有效衰减振动和噪声。通过以上分析和解决方案，我们可以更好地理解和解决变速箱异响的问题，提升驾驶体验和车辆的可靠性。希望本文对您有所帮助！

　　Check and adjust the clutch to ensure that it operates within the appropriate stiffness range and avoid working near turning points. Regularly check the wear of the clutch and replace severely worn components in a timely manner. Check and adjust the gearbox. Check the clearance and wear of the internal gears of the gearbox, and adjust or replace them in a timely manner. Check the sealing of the gearbox housing and firewall to prevent noise transmission. Check and adjust the engine. Check the combustion condition and piston movement of the engine to ensure its normal operation. Check the suspension system of the engine to ensure that it can effectively attenuate vibrations. Check and adjust the vehicle's integrated tire stiffness and damping to ensure they meet the vehicle's design requirements. Check the vibration reduction system of the entire vehicle to ensure that it can effectively attenuate vibration and noise. Through the above analysis and solutions, we can better understand and solve the problem of gearbox noise, improve driving experience and vehicle reliability. I hope this article is helpful to you!

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