自动挡变速箱几种形式

　　Several forms of automatic transmission

　　自动变速器（AT），是一种通过液力或电控液压操纵变扭器实现换档的传动装置。它可以在汽车行驶过程中，根据驾驶员的选择和汽车运行状态，自动地进行挡位的切换。目前市面上常见的自动变速器主要有以下几种类型：

　　Automatic transmission (AT) is a transmission device that uses hydraulic or electronically controlled hydraulic control to shift gears through a torque converter. It can automatically switch gears during the driving process based on the driver's selection and the vehicle's operating status. The common types of automatic transmissions on the market currently include the following:

　　1. 液力自动变速器（AT）：这是最常见的自动变速器类型，通过液力传递和离合器实现换挡。它的优点是换档平稳、噪音小，但缺点是效率较低且结构较复杂。

　　1. Hydraulic automatic transmission (AT): This is the most common type of automatic transmission, which shifts gears through hydraulic transmission and clutch. Its advantages are smooth gear shifting and low noise, but its disadvantages are low efficiency and complex structure.

　　2. 机械自动变速器（AMT）：这种类型的自动变速器在传统手动变速器的基础上增加了电子控制单元（ECU）和自动离合器。它的优点是结构相对简单，成本较低，但换档过程可能不够平顺。

　　2. Mechanical Automatic Transmission (AMT): This type of automatic transmission adds an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and an automatic clutch to the traditional manual transmission. Its advantages are relatively simple structure and low cost, but the shifting process may not be smooth enough.

　　3. 双离合自动变速器（DCT）：这种类型的自动变速器采用两套离合器交替工作，实现了无动力中断的换档。它的优点是换档速度快、效率高，但缺点是换档过程中可能存在一定的顿挫感。

　　3. Dual clutch automatic transmission (DCT): This type of automatic transmission uses two sets of clutches to work alternately, achieving shift without power interruption. Its advantages are fast shifting speed and high efficiency, but the disadvantage is that there may be some jerking during the shifting process.

　　4. 无级自动变速器（CVT）：这种类型的自动变速器使用两个皮带轮和一个钢制皮带实现无级变速。它的优点是换档过程平滑、油耗低，但缺点是承受扭矩有限且不能进行跳挡操作。

　　4. Continuously variable transmission (CVT): This type of automatic transmission uses two pulleys and a steel belt to achieve continuously variable transmission. Its advantages are smooth shifting process and low fuel consumption, but its disadvantages are limited torque tolerance and inability to perform gear shifting operations.

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