在自动变速箱维修领域，技术人员常遇到多种类型的变速箱，每种变速箱因其结构和工作原理的差异，在维修过程中需采用不同的技术手段与检测方法。以下针对液力自动变速箱（AT）、机械无级自动变速箱（CVT）、双离合自动变速箱（DCT）及电控机械自动变速箱（AMT）四种主流类型，分析其技术特点与维修要点。

　　In the field of automatic transmission maintenance, technicians often encounter various types of transmissions, each of which requires different technical means and testing methods during the maintenance process due to differences in its structure and working principle. The following analyzes the technical characteristics and maintenance points of four mainstream types: hydraulic automatic transmission (AT), mechanical continuously variable transmission (CVT), dual clutch automatic transmission (DCT), and electronically controlled mechanical automatic transmission (AMT).

　　液力自动变速箱（AT）是当前应用最广泛的自动变速箱类型。其核心结构包括液力变矩器、行星齿轮组及液压控制系统，通过液力传动实现无级变速。AT变速箱的优势在于换挡平顺性高，尤其适合城市道路频繁启停的工况，且能承受较大扭矩，广泛应用于SUV及豪华车型。然而，其复杂的行星齿轮结构导致维修成本较高。维修时需重点检测液力变矩器磨损、离合器片烧蚀及阀体卡滞等问题。例如，若变速箱出现换挡迟缓或冲击现象，需通过油压测试判断阀体或电磁阀故障，必要时需解体清洗液压通道。

　　Hydraulic automatic transmission (AT) is currently the most widely used type of automatic transmission. Its core structure includes a hydraulic torque converter, planetary gear set, and hydraulic control system, which achieve continuously variable transmission through hydraulic transmission. The advantage of AT gearbox lies in its high shifting smoothness, especially suitable for frequent start stop conditions on urban roads, and can withstand large torque, widely used in SUVs and luxury models. However, its complex planetary gear structure results in higher maintenance costs. During maintenance, it is necessary to focus on detecting issues such as wear of the hydraulic torque converter, burning of the clutch plates, and sticking of the valve body. For example, if the gearbox experiences slow shifting or impact, it is necessary to determine the valve body or solenoid valve failure through oil pressure testing, and if necessary, disassemble and clean the hydraulic channel.

　　机械无级自动变速箱（CVT）以钢带与锥轮传动为核心，通过改变主从动轮直径实现连续可变传动比。CVT变速箱的显著特点是燃油经济性优异，且驾驶平顺性极佳，常见于日系经济型车型。但其短板在于传动钢带承受扭矩有限，长期高负荷运转可能导致钢带打滑或锥轮磨损。维修CVT时，需使用专用设备检测钢带张力及锥轮表面光洁度，若发现钢带磨损痕迹或金属粉末，需立即更换传动组件。此外，CVT变速箱对油液清洁度要求极高，需定期更换专用油液以避免阀体堵塞。

　　The mechanical continuously variable transmission (CVT) is based on steel strip and bevel wheel transmission, and achieves continuous variable transmission ratio by changing the diameter of the main and driven wheels. The prominent feature of CVT gearbox is excellent fuel economy and smooth driving, which is commonly seen in Japanese economy models. But its weakness lies in the limited torque that the transmission steel strip can withstand, and long-term high load operation may cause the steel strip to slip or the cone wheel to wear. When repairing a CVT, specialized equipment should be used to detect the tension of the steel strip and the surface smoothness of the cone wheel. If wear marks or metal powder are found on the steel strip, the transmission components should be replaced immediately. In addition, CVT transmission requires extremely high oil cleanliness, and special oil needs to be replaced regularly to avoid valve body blockage.

　　双离合自动变速箱（DCT）采用两套离合器交替工作，通过预啮合齿轮实现毫秒级换挡。DCT变速箱兼具AT的平顺性与手动变速箱的高传动效率，尤其受性能车青睐。但其结构复杂性导致维修难度较高，常见故障包括离合器片过热、机电控制单元失灵等。例如，在拥堵路况下，DCT变速箱可能因频繁半联动导致离合器片温度过高，进而引发换挡顿挫或动力中断。维修时需使用诊断仪读取离合器温度数据，并通过拆解检查摩擦片磨损情况，必要时需更换双离合器总成。

　　The dual clutch automatic transmission (DCT) uses two sets of clutches to work alternately, achieving millisecond level shifting through pre meshing gears. DCT gearbox combines the smoothness of AT with the high transmission efficiency of manual gearbox, making it particularly favored by performance cars. However, the complexity of its structure makes maintenance difficult, and common faults include overheating of clutch plates and malfunction of electromechanical control units. For example, in congested road conditions, DCT transmissions may experience high clutch plate temperatures due to frequent semi coupling, leading to gear shifting jerks or power interruptions. During maintenance, a diagnostic instrument should be used to read clutch temperature data, and the wear of friction plates should be checked by disassembly. If necessary, the dual clutch assembly should be replaced.

　　电控机械自动变速箱（AMT）是在传统手动变速箱基础上加装电控系统实现自动换挡。其结构简单、成本低廉，但换挡平顺性较差，常见于入门级车型。AMT变速箱的核心维修点在于换挡执行机构与传感器。例如，若车辆出现换挡延迟或误选挡位，需检测换挡电机线路及位置传感器信号。由于AMT变速箱保留手动变速箱的齿轮组，齿轮磨损检测也是重要环节，需通过噪音分析及啮合间隙测量判断齿轮状态。

　　An electronically controlled mechanical automatic transmission (AMT) is a traditional manual transmission that is equipped with an electronic control system to achieve automatic shifting. Its structure is simple and cost-effective, but its shifting smoothness is poor, commonly found in entry-level models. The core maintenance points of AMT gearbox are the shift actuator and sensors. For example, if the vehicle experiences delayed gear shifting or incorrect gear selection, it is necessary to detect the shift motor circuit and position sensor signal. Due to the fact that the AMT gearbox retains the gear set of the manual gearbox, gear wear detection is also an important step, and the gear status needs to be determined through noise analysis and mesh clearance measurement.

　　在维修实践中，技术人员需结合变速箱类型制定差异化检测方案。例如，AT变速箱需重点关注液压系统压力，CVT需检测钢带传动效率，DCT需分析离合器热负荷，而AMT则需排查电控系统逻辑。通过精准诊断与针对性维修，可显著提升变速箱修复质量，延长使用寿命。

　　In maintenance practice, technicians need to develop differentiated testing plans based on the type of gearbox. For example, AT gearbox needs to focus on hydraulic system pressure, CVT needs to detect steel belt transmission efficiency, DCT needs to analyze clutch thermal load, and AMT needs to investigate the logic of the electronic control system. Through precise diagnosis and targeted maintenance, the quality of gearbox repair can be significantly improved, and the service life can be extended.

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