济南自动变速箱维修涉及精密部件的拆解、检测与装配，需使用专用工具确保操作精准，避免部件损坏，以下是各类常用工具及用途说明。

　　Jinan automatic transmission maintenance involves the disassembly, inspection, and assembly of precision components, requiring the use of specialized tools to ensure precise operation and avoid component damage. The following are various commonly used tools and their usage instructions.

　　拆解环节需配备专业拆卸工具。变速箱壳体螺栓多为内六角或梅花形，需用成套套筒扳手（含加长杆、万向节）拆卸，不同规格的套筒可适配不同尺寸的螺栓，避免拧滑螺栓头部。拉拔器是拆卸轴承、齿轮等过盈配合部件的关键工具，分为两爪、三爪等类型，使用时通过丝杠缓慢施力，将部件平稳拉出，防止暴力拆卸导致的变形。卡环钳（内直、外直、内弯、外弯）用于取下或安装卡环，针对不同位置的卡环选择对应类型，确保卡环受力均匀，避免断裂。此外，一字和十字螺丝刀需选择头部硬度高的型号，用于撬开密封件、卡扣等，刀尖需打磨光滑，防止划伤壳体表面。

　　Professional dismantling tools are required for the dismantling process. The bolts of the gearbox housing are mostly hexagonal or plum blossom shaped, and need to be disassembled with a complete set of socket wrenches (including extension rods and universal joints). Different specifications of sockets can be adapted to different sizes of bolts to avoid slipping the bolt heads. Puller is a key tool for disassembling interference fit components such as bearings and gears. It is divided into two jaw, three jaw, and other types. When in use, it slowly applies force through a screw to smoothly pull out the components, preventing deformation caused by violent disassembly. Collar pliers (inner straight, outer straight, inner bent, outer bent) are used to remove or install clasps, and corresponding types are selected for different positions of clasps to ensure uniform force distribution and avoid breakage. In addition, one letter and cross shaped screwdrivers should choose models with high head hardness for prying open seals, buckles, etc. The blade tip should be polished smooth to prevent scratching the surface of the housing.

　　检测工具是判断故障的核心。油压表可连接变速箱油路，测量不同工况下的油压数值，根据标准值判断油泵、阀体等部件是否正常，表体需具备良好的密封性，避免液压油泄漏影响读数。百分表及表座用于检测齿轮、轴的圆跳动和平面度，将表座固定在平整表面，测头接触被测部件并缓慢转动，通过指针摆动幅度判断部件磨损或变形程度。万用表用于检测变速箱内部传感器、电磁阀的电阻值，判断电气元件是否短路、断路，探针需细小尖锐，便于接触狭小空间的接线端子。对于电子控制的自动变速箱，还需专用诊断仪连接车载 OBD 接口，读取故障码、数据流，分析换挡逻辑、油压控制等参数，为故障判断提供数据支持。

　　The detection tool is the core of diagnosing faults. The oil pressure gauge can be connected to the transmission oil circuit to measure the oil pressure values under different working conditions. Based on the standard values, it can determine whether the oil pump, valve body and other components are normal. The gauge body should have good sealing to avoid hydraulic oil leakage affecting the reading. The dial gauge and gauge holder are used to detect the circular runout and flatness of gears and shafts. The gauge holder is fixed on a flat surface, and the measuring head contacts the measured component and slowly rotates. The degree of wear or deformation of the component is determined by the amplitude of the pointer swing. A multimeter is used to detect the resistance values of sensors and solenoid valves inside the gearbox, and to determine whether electrical components are short circuited or open circuited. The probe should be small and sharp, making it easy to contact the wiring terminals in narrow spaces. For electronically controlled automatic transmissions, a dedicated diagnostic instrument is also required to connect to the on-board OBD interface, read fault codes and data streams, analyze shifting logic, oil pressure control and other parameters, and provide data support for fault diagnosis.

　　清洗与修复工具用于处理部件污渍和轻微损伤。超声波清洗机可对阀体、阀芯、滤网等精密部件进行深度清洁，通过高频振动去除油道内的胶质、金属碎屑，清洗液需选用变速箱专用清洗剂，避免腐蚀部件。喷砂枪用于清理壳体表面的油污、锈迹，选用细粒度的砂料，防止损伤壳体表面精度。研磨膏配合研磨平板可修复阀体阀芯的轻微磨损，通过手工研磨使配合面恢复密封性，研磨时需保持均匀压力，确保表面平整度达标。此外，气枪用于吹干清洗后的部件，压缩空气需经过过滤，避免带入水分或杂质。

　　Cleaning and repair tools are used to treat component stains and minor damages. Ultrasonic cleaning machine can deeply clean precision components such as valve body, valve core, and filter screen. It removes gum and metal debris in the oil passage through high-frequency vibration. The cleaning fluid should be selected from gearbox specific cleaning agents to avoid corrosion of components. Sandblasting gun is used to clean oil stains and rust on the surface of the shell, using fine-grained sand to prevent damage to the accuracy of the shell surface. Grinding paste combined with grinding plate can repair slight wear of valve body and valve core. The sealing of the mating surface can be restored by manual grinding, and uniform pressure should be maintained during grinding to ensure that the surface flatness meets the standard. In addition, air guns are used to blow dry and clean components, and compressed air needs to be filtered to avoid introducing moisture or impurities.

　　装配工具确保部件安装精准。扭力扳手用于紧固螺栓时控制扭矩，不同部位的螺栓有明确的扭矩标准（如壳体螺栓、端盖螺栓），需根据要求设定扭矩值，防止过松导致漏油或过紧引发螺纹断裂。导向轴套可辅助安装轴承、密封圈等部件，避免安装过程中划伤密封面，轴套材质需柔软光滑，通常为铜或尼龙材质。压床用于压装轴承、齿轮等部件，通过均匀施压确保过盈配合到位，压装时需使用对应尺寸的压头，保证受力点正确。密封胶枪用于涂抹变速箱壳体密封胶，胶嘴需剪成合适角度，确保胶线均匀连续，宽度符合密封要求，避免胶量过多堵塞油道或过少导致密封不良。

　　Assembly tools ensure precise installation of components. The torque wrench is used to control the torque when tightening bolts. Different parts of the bolts have clear torque standards (such as shell bolts and end cap bolts), and the torque values need to be set according to the requirements to prevent oil leakage or thread breakage caused by over loosening or over tightening. The guide shaft sleeve can assist in the installation of bearings, sealing rings, and other components to avoid scratching the sealing surface during installation. The shaft sleeve material should be soft and smooth, usually made of copper or nylon. The press is used for pressing bearings, gears, and other components to ensure a proper fit through uniform pressure. When pressing, a corresponding sized press head is required to ensure the correct force point. The sealant gun is used to apply sealant to the gearbox housing. The nozzle needs to be cut at a suitable angle to ensure that the glue line is uniform and continuous, and the width meets the sealing requirements, avoiding excessive or insufficient glue blocking the oil passage and causing poor sealing.

　　辅助工具虽不直接参与维修，但不可或缺。工作台需平整稳固，表面铺设橡胶垫防止部件磕碰，台面上可安装工具架，分类摆放常用工具便于取用。变速箱支架用于支撑拆解后的变速箱壳体，可调节高度和角度，方便从不同方向操作内部部件。漏斗和油桶用于加注和回收变速箱油，漏斗需带滤网过滤杂质，油桶需密封良好，防止废油污染环境。此外，手套需选用耐油、防滑的丁腈材质，保护手部免受油污侵蚀，同时避免手汗污染精密部件。

　　Although auxiliary tools do not directly participate in maintenance, they are indispensable. The workbench needs to be flat and stable, with rubber pads laid on the surface to prevent parts from being bumped. A tool rack can be installed on the tabletop, and commonly used tools can be classified and placed for easy access. The gearbox bracket is used to support the disassembled gearbox housing, with adjustable height and angle, making it easy to operate internal components from different directions. Funnel and oil drum are used for filling and recovering gearbox oil. The funnel should be equipped with a filter screen to filter impurities, and the oil drum should be well sealed to prevent waste oil from polluting the environment. In addition, gloves should be made of oil resistant and non slip nitrile material to protect hands from oil contamination and prevent sweat from contaminating precision components.

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