长脑子最快的方式就是多看汽车知识,接下来3年，我不玩虚的,把汽车所有底层原理一点点手把手给你讲透,让你从汽车小白直接变身懂车大神,你绝对想不到,今天你几万块买到的汽车上用的 at 变速箱,最早是给坦克用的,为什么坦克坚决不用 CVT ,为什么劳斯莱斯死都不碰双离合,为什么那么多豪车放着各种新潮变速箱不用,偏偏死守着看起来老掉牙的 at 变速箱,今天我就用最通俗、不带一句专业术语的大白话,让你一遍听懂，一遍记住,at 变速箱到底凭什么能在汽车界称霸百年、长盛不衰,这里是车时档案馆,老板们觉得有用的话,抬手点个赞,咱们马上开讲,本期内容真的太干太烧脑,真心喜欢汽车,想搞懂原理的朋友千万别划走,后面的干货绝对值得你狠狠收藏,反复回看,

　　The fastest way to develop a brain is to learn more about cars. In the next three years, I will not play tricks and explain all the underlying principles of cars to you step by step, so that you can transform from a car novice to a car expert. You will never imagine that the AT gearbox used in the car you bought for tens of thousands of yuan today was originally used for tanks. Why tanks insist on not using CVT, why Rolls Royce never touches dual clutch, why so many luxury cars use various trendy gearboxes but insist on sticking to the outdated AT gearbox? Today, I will use the most common and non professional jargon to make you understand and remember it again and again, Why can the AT gearbox dominate the automotive industry for a hundred years and remain prosperous for a long time? This is the Car Times Archive. If the bosses think it's useful, they can give a thumbs up and we'll start talking right away. The content of this issue is really dry and brain burning. Friends who truly love cars and want to understand the principles must not take it away. The dry knowledge behind it is definitely worth collecting and reviewing repeatedly,

　　先跟大家唠唠 at 变速箱的由来,咱们把时间线拉回到1939年二战战场,那时候美国坦克用的还都是手动变速箱,可把大兵坑惨了,起步、熄火跟呼吸一样,平常在战场上生死关头偏偏掉链子,轻则错失战机,重则直接丢命,军方实在没辙,直接给通用下死命令,必须搞出一款永远不会熄火的变速箱,就这么一句话,硬是逼出了世界上第一台,真正靠谱的 at 自动变速箱,说出来你不敢信,现在几万块的 AT 家用车,竟然和当年战场上的坦克用的是同款,核心原理,是不是瞬间觉得咱手里这方向盘突然变沉了,有种开装甲车的感觉,那他到底是怎么做到永远不熄火的,a at 变速箱核心就三个部件,液力变矩器、行星齿轮组、控制系统,

　　Let's first talk about the origin of the AT gearbox. Let's take the timeline back to the World War II battlefield in 1939. At that time, American tanks were still using manual gearboxes, which left soldiers in a miserable situation. Starting and stalling were like breathing, and at the critical moment of life and death on the battlefield, they would accidentally lose their lives. The military had no choice but to give General Motors a dying order to develop a gearbox that would never stall. With just one sentence, they forced the world's first truly reliable AT automatic gearbox. You can't believe it, but now AT family cars priced at tens of thousands of yuan use the same model as tanks on the battlefield. Principle, does it instantly feel like the steering wheel in our hands suddenly becomes heavy, like driving an armored vehicle? So how did he manage to never turn off the engine, The core of a AT gearbox consists of three components: a hydraulic torque converter, a planetary gear set, and a control system,

　　今天咱们先吃透最关键,最神奇的一个液力变矩器,他就是 at 变速箱的心脏,负责把发动机动力稳稳传给变速箱,咱们都懂,手动挡靠离合器摩擦片分开结合,来传递或切断动力,但手动挡有个致命 bug ,减速停车时,只要没及时踩离合,车子一停,发动机必被憋灭,为啥车轮突然停住的硬阻力,发动机根本扛不住,而液力变矩器就完美解决了这个痛点,它的核心精髓就是柔性传动,就像用液体搭了一座桥,软软的,但又能把力气传过去,不靠硬连接,全靠油液带动,所以怎么操作都不会憋灭发动机,这就是它最牛的地方.

　　Today, let's first understand the most crucial and magical hydraulic torque converter. It is the heart of the AT gearbox, responsible for steadily transmitting engine power to the gearbox. We all know that manual transmission relies on the clutch friction plate to separate and combine, to transmit or cut off power. However, manual transmission has a fatal bug. When decelerating and stopping, if the clutch is not pressed in time, the engine will be suffocated as soon as the car stops. Why can't the engine withstand the hard resistance caused by the sudden stop of the wheels? The hydraulic torque converter perfectly solves this pain point. Its core essence is flexible transmission, like building a bridge with liquid, soft but able to transmit strength. It does not rely on hard connections, but is driven entirely by oil. So no matter how you operate it, you won't suffocate the engine, that's its most impressive feature

　　给大家打个最形象的比方,你想象一下,两台对着吹的风扇,左边那台通了电疯狂转动,风一吹,右边那台没通电的,就跟着一起转起来,关键是他们俩之间没有任何机械接触,全靠风传递力量,液力变矩器的原理跟这个一模一样,只不过把风换成了油液,跟着发动机一起转的叫泵轮,就像那台通了电的风扇,它一转动就会搅动封闭空间里的油液,产生巨大的离心力,顺着叶片狠狠砸向对面的从动轮,这个从动轮就叫涡轮,它连着变速箱,本身不产生任何动力,全靠泵轮甩过来的油液,狠狠冲击它的叶片,才能跟着一起转,就像那台被风吹动的没通电的风扇,最神奇的是什么,泵轮和涡轮之间没有任何硬连接,全靠油液传递动力,没有连接就没有摩擦,没有摩擦就没有磨损,哪怕你在早晚高峰堵上两个小时,反复的停车跟车,对他来说也跟没堵车一样,这就是液力变矩器最基本也最厉害的工作方式,而且你知道吗,这锅油不光传力,

　　To give you the most vivid analogy, imagine two fans facing the wind. The one on the left turns crazily when it is powered on. When the wind blows, the one on the right turns with it when it is not powered on. The key is that there is no mechanical contact between them. They rely on the wind to transmit power. The principle of the hydraulic torque converter is the same as this one, except that the wind is replaced with oil. The one that turns with the engine is called the pump wheel, just like the one that is powered on. When it turns, it will stir the oil in the enclosed space, generating huge centrifugal force, and hitting the opposite driven wheel along the blade. This driven wheel is called the turbine, which is connected to the gearbox. It does not generate any power itself. It can only be turned together by the oil thrown from the pump wheel and its blades being severely impacted. Just like the fan that is not powered by the wind, what is the most amazing thing, There is no hard connection between the pump wheel and the turbine wheel, and power is transmitted solely through oil. Without connection, there is no friction, and without friction, there is no wear. Even if you are stuck in traffic for two hours during rush hour, repeatedly parking and following the car, it is still like there is no traffic jam for him. This is the most basic and powerful working mode of a hydraulic torque converter, and you know, this pot of oil not only transmits power, but also,

　　还干着一项重要的兼职减震,发动机工作时的抖动冲击,本来会直接传到车厢里,但这些震动一砸进油液,就像一拳打在棉花上,瞬间被吸收的干干净净,所以你开 at 的车总觉得比双离合厚重沉稳,像开着一块大铁坨,特别踏实,秘密就在这,说白了这锅油就像个液体弹簧,软的能吸震,硬的能传力,那变矩到底啥意思,说白了就是把发动机的力气放大,车子起步爬坡最费劲,光靠发动机本身根本不够,这时候液力变矩器就能把扭矩直接放大两三倍,起步爬坡轻轻松松,秘密就藏在泵轮和涡轮中间那个小部件,导轮油液冲完涡轮会回流,如果没有导轮,这股回流油会反向对冲泵轮,等于自己跟自己打架,白白浪费动力,而导轮就像一个精准的导流大师,把回流油强行引导到和泵轮同向的角度,再送回去,你猜怎么着,这股本该捣乱的回流力量,反而成了给泵轮加把劲的帮手,起步时，导轮固定扭矩瞬间放大,等车跑起来,转速接近了,导轮就自动解锁,只传力不放大,既高效又稳定,是不是觉得这设计绝了,别急，后面还有更绝的.

　　I am also doing an important part-time job of shock absorption. The vibration and impact of the engine during operation would have been directly transmitted to the cabin, but when these vibrations hit the oil, they are like a punch on cotton, instantly absorbed completely. Therefore, when you drive the AT The car always feels heavier and more stable than a dual clutch, like driving a big iron block, especially solid. The secret is here. Simply put, this pot of oil is like a liquid spring, soft can absorb shock, hard can transmit force. So what does torque conversion mean? Simply put, it amplifies the power of the engine. Starting and climbing a hill is the most difficult thing for the car, and relying solely on the engine itself is not enough. At this time, the hydraulic torque converter can directly amplify the torque by two or three times, making starting and climbing easy. The secret is hidden in the small part between the pump wheel and the turbine wheel. The oil in the guide wheel will flow back after flushing the turbine wheel. If there is no guide wheel, this backflow oil will reverse and counteract the pump wheel, which is equivalent to fighting with oneself and wasting power. Just like a precise diversion master, forcefully guiding the reflux oil to the same angle as the pump wheel and then sending it back, guess what, this is the disruptive reflux force, On the contrary, it has become a helper to add strength to the pump wheel. When starting, the fixed torque of the guide wheel is instantly amplified. When the car starts running and the speed approaches, the guide wheel automatically unlocks, only transmitting force without amplification, which is both efficient and stable. Do you think this design is amazing? Don't worry, there are even more amazing ones ahead

　　虽然液力变矩器很牛,但它也有个小短板,液体传动必然有动力损失,说直白点,发动机100%的动力经过,它只剩80%到85%,相当于每笔动力转账都要被扣,15%到20%的手续费,这也是 AT 比手动挡稍微费一点油的根本原因,那能不能把收费传动变成免费传动,工程师早就想到了,跑起来以后直接变成硬连接不就完了,于是锁止离合器应运而生,低速堵车时，它松开,保持液力传动平顺不熄火,高速巡航时,它锁死泵轮和涡轮变成刚性连接,传动效率直接飙到接近100%,相当于手续费全免了,一个小小的设计,完美、平衡、平顺和省油,这就是 at 变速箱最聪明的地方.

　　Although hydraulic torque converters are impressive, they also have a small shortcoming. Liquid transmission inevitably leads to power loss. To put it bluntly, when the engine passes 100% of its power, it only has 80% to 85% left, which is equivalent to every power transfer being deducted, with a handling fee of 15% to 20%. This is also the fundamental reason why AT is slightly more fuel-efficient than manual transmission. Engineers have long thought of turning paid transmission into free transmission. After running, it can simply become a hard connection, so the lock up clutch emerged. When stuck in traffic at low speeds, it releases, keeping the hydraulic transmission smooth and not stalling. When cruising at high speeds, it locks the pump wheel and turbine into a rigid connection, and the transmission efficiency skyrockets to nearly 100%, which is equivalent to completely free handling fees. Well, a small design that is perfect, balanced, smooth, and fuel-efficient is the smartest thing about the AT gearbox

　　讲到这儿,你终于明白,为什么 at 能成为汽车界的百年常青树,坦克用它,豪车用它,咱的家用车也用它,回到开头的问题,为什么坦克不用 CVT ,因为 CVT 太脆,扛不住大扭矩的粗暴冲击,战场上分分钟搞废他,为什么劳斯莱斯不用双离合,因为双离合换挡难免有咔咔顿挫,跟奢华、安静、优雅这几个字天生八字不合,而 a at 变速箱既有液力变矩器,这把液体弹簧守护着极致的平顺,让你堵车蠕行时丝滑到感受不到顿挫,又有行星齿轮组这副硬核骨架,轻松承载巨大扭矩,不管是坦克的粗暴操作,还是豪车的瞬间爆发,他都能稳稳 hold 住,今天的内容其实只讲了 at

　　At this point, you finally understand why AT has become a century old evergreen tree in the automotive industry. Tanks use it, luxury cars use it, and even our family cars use it. Returning to the question at the beginning, why do tanks not use CVT because CVT is too fragile to withstand the rough impact of high torque, and can be easily destroyed on the battlefield? Why does Rolls Royce not use dual clutch transmission, because dual clutch shifting inevitably has clicking and jerking, which is not in line with the natural eight characters of luxury, quietness, and elegance? A AT gearbox has both a hydraulic torque converter, which protects the ultimate smoothness with liquid springs, making you feel silky smooth when driving in traffic without jerking. It also has a planetary gear set as a hardcore skeleton, which easily carries the load. Huge torque, whether it's the rough operation of a tank or the instant burst of a luxury car, he can hold it steady. Today's content actually only talked about at

　　at 变速箱的1/3,液力变矩器是心脏负责输送动力,而真正决定这辆车是聪明还是愚蠢的,是另外两大核心,行星齿轮组和机电控制系统,大家肯定也好奇,一组齿轮怎么就能变出好几个档位,这玩意儿简直就是个数学魔术,变速箱又是怎么在一瞬间读懂你的油门意图,换挡比德芙还丝滑,但你知道这丝滑背后藏着一个怎样的数学天才吗,下期咱们接着拆解 a at 变速箱的骨骼与大脑,把剩下干货一次性讲透。

　　At one-third of the gearbox, the hydraulic torque converter is responsible for delivering power to the heart, and the other two core components that truly determine whether a car is smart or foolish are the planetary gear set and the electromechanical control system. Everyone must be curious about how a set of gears can produce multiple gears. This thing is simply a mathematical magic, and how the gearbox can understand your throttle intention in an instant. Shifting is even smoother than Dove, but do you know what kind of mathematical genius is behind this slimness? In the next issue, we will continue to dismantle the skeleton and brain of the AT gearbox and explain the remaining dry goods at once.

　　最后问大家一个问题,你现在的车是 a at 双离合还是 CVT ,有没有被顿挫折磨到崩溃,来评论区吐槽一波,让我看看哪种变速箱的车主最多,这里是车时档案馆,我坚持用最简单的话讲最实用的汽车知识,喜欢汽车、想搞懂原理的朋友点个关注,下期内容

　　Finally, I want to ask you a question. Is your car a at dual clutch or CVT? Have you ever been tortured to collapse by setbacks? Let me comment on the roast in the area. Let me see which kind of gearbox has the most owners. This is the car time archives. I insist on telling the most practical car knowledge in the simplest words. Friends who like cars and want to understand the principle should pay attention to the next issue

　　本文由 济南变速箱 友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击 http://www.jnbsx.com/ 真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from Jinan Gearbox For more related knowledge, please click http://www.jnbsx.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.