变速箱油的重要作用

　　The important role of transmission oil

　　变速箱油堪称变速箱的 “血液”，在变速箱的正常运转中起着举足轻重的作用。它的首要职责是润滑，在变速箱内部的众多齿轮、轴承等金属部件之间形成一层坚韧的油膜，有效减少它们在高速运转时的直接摩擦，降低磨损程度，延长这些部件的使用寿命。想象一下，如果没有变速箱油的润滑，那些金属部件就像没有润滑油的机器零件一样，很快就会因为过度磨损而损坏。

　　Transmission fluid can be called the "blood" of the gearbox, playing a crucial role in its normal operation. Its primary responsibility is lubrication, forming a tough oil film between the numerous metal components such as gears and bearings inside the gearbox, effectively reducing their direct friction during high-speed operation, lowering the degree of wear, and extending the service life of these components. Imagine that without the lubrication of gearbox oil, those metal parts would be like machine parts without lubricating oil, quickly damaged due to excessive wear and tear.

　　除了润滑，变速箱油还肩负着散热的重任。变速箱在工作时，由于齿轮的高速啮合和摩擦，会产生大量的热量。如果这些热量不能及时散发出去，就会导致变速箱内部温度过高，影响其正常工作，甚至可能引发故障。而变速箱油就像一个高效的 “散热器”，它在循环流动过程中，能够吸收这些热量，并将其传递到变速箱外壳，再通过空气或冷却液散发到大气中，确保变速箱始终处于适宜的工作温度范围内。

　　In addition to lubrication, transmission oil also shoulders the responsibility of heat dissipation. During operation, the gearbox generates a large amount of heat due to the high-speed meshing and friction of the gears. If these heat cannot be dissipated in a timely manner, it will cause the internal temperature of the gearbox to be too high, affecting its normal operation and even potentially causing malfunctions. And gearbox oil is like an efficient "radiator", which can absorb this heat during the circulation process and transfer it to the gearbox housing, and then dissipate it into the atmosphere through air or coolant, ensuring that the gearbox is always within the appropriate operating temperature range.

　　在部分自动变速箱中，变速箱油还承担着传递动力的关键使命。以液力变矩器为例，它利用变速箱油的流体动力来实现发动机与变速箱之间的动力传递，使车辆能够平稳起步和换挡。可以说，变速箱油是动力传递的 “桥梁”，没有它，发动机的动力就无法有效地传递到车轮上，车辆也就无法正常行驶。

　　In some automatic transmissions, transmission oil also plays a crucial role in transmitting power. Taking the hydraulic torque converter as an example, it utilizes the fluid power of the transmission oil to achieve power transmission between the engine and the gearbox, enabling the vehicle to start and shift smoothly. It can be said that gearbox oil is the "bridge" for power transmission. Without it, the engine's power cannot be effectively transmitted to the wheels, and the vehicle cannot travel normally.

　　换油周期与方法

　　Oil change cycle and method

　　变速箱油的更换周期并非一成不变，而是因变速箱的类型而异。一般来说，手动变速箱的换油周期相对较长，通常在 15 万公里左右。但如果车辆经常在恶劣路况下行驶，如频繁启停、重载爬坡等，或者驾驶者的驾驶风格较为激烈，那么换油周期就需要适当缩短，以保证变速箱的良好性能。

　　The replacement cycle of gearbox oil is not fixed, but varies depending on the type of gearbox. Generally speaking, the oil change interval for manual transmissions is relatively long, usually around 150000 kilometers. But if the vehicle is frequently driven in harsh road conditions, such as frequent start stop, heavy load climbing, etc., or if the driver's driving style is more intense, then the oil change cycle needs to be appropriately shortened to ensure the good performance of the gearbox.

　　自动变速箱由于其结构更为复杂，工作条件也更为苛刻，所以换油周期相对较短。常见的 4AT、6AT 变速箱，建议在行驶 8 万公里左右更换一次变速箱油；而对于档位更高、技术更先进的 9AT 等变速箱，由于其内部零件的精度和工作压力更高，对变速箱油的品质和清洁度要求也更为严格，因此建议行驶 4 - 6 万公里就进行更换。

　　Due to its more complex structure and more demanding working conditions, automatic transmissions have relatively shorter oil change intervals. It is recommended to replace the transmission oil for common 4AT and 6AT transmissions after driving for about 80000 kilometers; For higher gears and more advanced technologies such as the 9-speed automatic transmission, due to the higher precision and working pressure of its internal components, the quality and cleanliness requirements for the transmission oil are also more stringent. Therefore, it is recommended to replace it after driving 40000 to 60000 kilometers.

　　在更换变速箱油时，目前主要有重力换油和循环机换油两种方法 。重力换油是一种较为传统的方式，操作简单，就像给汽车换机油一样，通过拧下变速箱底部的放油螺丝，让旧油在重力作用下自然流出，然后再加入新的变速箱油。这种方法的优点是成本较低，用油量相对较少，而且操作过程相对简单，一般的维修店都能进行。然而，它的缺点也很明显，由于变速箱内部结构复杂，存在许多沟壑和拐角，重力换油很难将旧油完全排出，通常只能更换出约 50% - 60% 的旧油 ，这就意味着新加入的油会与残留的旧油混合，从而影响新油的性能和使用寿命，也会缩短变速箱的保养周期。

　　There are currently two main methods for changing transmission oil: gravity oil change and circulation machine oil change. Gravity oil change is a relatively traditional method with simple operation, just like changing the oil in a car. By unscrewing the oil drain screw at the bottom of the gearbox, the old oil can naturally flow out under the action of gravity, and then new gearbox oil can be added. The advantages of this method are lower cost, relatively less oil consumption, and relatively simple operation process, which can be carried out by general repair shops. However, its drawbacks are also obvious. Due to the complex internal structure of the gearbox, there are many grooves and corners, and gravity oil change is difficult to completely drain the old oil. Usually, only about 50-60% of the old oil can be replaced, which means that the newly added oil will mix with the residual old oil, thereby affecting the performance and service life of the new oil and shortening the maintenance cycle of the gearbox.

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