变速箱：汽车的 “动力枢纽”

　　Gearbox: the "power hub" of automobiles

　　如果把汽车发动机比作人的心脏，那变速箱无疑就是关节，负责将发动机产生的动力，精准高效地传递给车轮，驱动汽车前行。可以说，发动机赋予汽车 “生命”，而变速箱则决定了汽车 “生活的品质”。它通过改变传动比，让发动机在不同路况下都能保持最佳工作状态，无论是城市拥堵时的走走停停，还是高速路上的风驰电掣，都能游刃有余。

　　If the car engine is compared to the human heart, then the gearbox is undoubtedly the joint, responsible for accurately and efficiently transmitting the power generated by the engine to the wheels, driving the car forward. It can be said that the engine gives the car "life", while the gearbox determines the "quality of life" of the car. It maintains optimal engine performance in different road conditions by changing the transmission ratio, whether it's stop and go during city congestion or speeding on highways, it can handle it with ease.

　　变速箱种类繁多，常见的有手动变速箱（MT）、自动变速箱（AT）、无级变速箱（CVT）和双离合变速箱（DCT） 。手动变速箱操作感强，能让驾驶者充分体验驾驶乐趣；自动变速箱操作简便，适合城市通勤；无级变速箱换挡平顺，油耗较低；双离合变速箱换挡速度快，动力传输效率高。每种变速箱都有其独特的优势和适用场景，但无论哪种，都需要精心养护才能保持良好性能。

　　There are various types of transmissions, including manual transmission (MT), automatic transmission (AT), continuously variable transmission (CVT), and dual clutch transmission (DCT). The manual gearbox has a strong sense of operation, allowing drivers to fully experience the joy of driving; Automatic transmission is easy to operate and suitable for urban commuting; The continuously variable transmission shifts smoothly and has low fuel consumption; The dual clutch transmission has fast shifting speed and high power transmission efficiency. Each gearbox has its unique advantages and applicable scenarios, but regardless of which one, it requires careful maintenance to maintain good performance.

　　不同变速箱，养护有别

　　Different gearboxes require different maintenance

　　不同类型的变速箱，因其结构和工作原理各异，养护方式也大不相同。下面就为大家详细介绍常见变速箱的养护要点。

　　Different types of gearboxes have different structures and working principles, and their maintenance methods are also very different. Below, we will provide a detailed introduction to the maintenance points of common gearboxes.

　　手动变速箱（MT）：简单但不能忽视

　　Manual Transmission (MT): Simple but cannot be ignored

　　手动变速箱构造相对简单，主要由变速传动机构和操纵机构组成 。它通过手动拨动变速杆，改变变速器内的齿轮啮合位置，实现不同的传动比。这种变速箱工作稳定，可靠性高，深受驾驶爱好者喜爱。

　　The construction of a manual gearbox is relatively simple, mainly composed of a variable transmission mechanism and a control mechanism. It achieves different transmission ratios by manually shifting the gear lever to change the meshing position of the gears inside the gearbox. This type of gearbox works stably, has high reliability, and is deeply loved by driving enthusiasts.

　　在日常养护中，手动变速箱主要检查是否有漏油、缺油情况。如果发现变速箱底部有油渍，或者车辆行驶时换挡变得生涩，就可能是漏油或缺油导致的，需要及时检查维修。一般来说，手动变速箱的换油周期为 15 万公里左右。不过，具体的换油里程还需根据车辆的使用情况和驾驶习惯来调整。比如，经常在拥堵路况行驶，或者驾驶风格比较激烈，就需要适当缩短换油周期。

　　In daily maintenance, manual transmissions are mainly inspected for oil leaks and shortages. If oil stains are found at the bottom of the gearbox, or if shifting gears becomes rough while driving, it may be caused by oil leakage or lack of oil, and it needs to be checked and repaired in a timely manner. Generally speaking, the oil change interval for manual transmissions is around 150000 kilometers. However, the specific oil change mileage needs to be adjusted according to the vehicle's usage and driving habits. For example, if driving frequently in congested road conditions or with a more aggressive driving style, it is necessary to shorten the oil change cycle appropriately.

　　液力自动变速箱（AT）：复杂精密需谨慎

　　Hydraulic automatic transmission (AT): complex and precise, requiring caution

　　液力自动变速箱结构复杂，核心部件有液力变矩器、行星齿轮组、离合器 / 制动器及其控制机构 。它通过液力变矩器实现发动机与变速箱的软连接，使车辆起步和换挡更加平稳。行星齿轮组则负责实现不同的传动比，满足车辆在各种路况下的行驶需求。

　　The structure of hydraulic automatic transmission is complex, with core components including hydraulic torque converter, planetary gear set, clutch/brake and its control mechanism. It achieves a soft connection between the engine and gearbox through a hydraulic torque converter, making the vehicle start and shift more smoothly. The planetary gear set is responsible for achieving different transmission ratios to meet the driving needs of vehicles in various road conditions.

　　由于 AT 型号众多，保养要求也有所不同。一般家用轿车的 4AT、6AT 变速箱，建议行驶 8 万公里左右换一次油；而高档位的 9AT 等变速箱，由于其内部结构更加精密，工作压力更大，建议行驶 4 - 6 万公里换一次油。此外，自动变速箱在换油时，建议将箱内的滤芯一起换掉。因为滤芯能够过滤变速箱油中的杂质，保证油液的清洁度，延长变速箱的使用寿命。如果只换油不换滤芯，新油很快就会被污染，无法达到良好的保养效果。

　　Due to the large number of AT models, maintenance requirements also vary. It is recommended to change the oil every 80000 kilometers for the 4AT and 6AT transmissions of typical family cars; For high-end 9-speed automatic transmissions, due to their more precise internal structure and higher working pressure, it is recommended to change the oil every 40000 to 60000 kilometers. In addition, it is recommended to replace the filter element inside the automatic transmission when changing the oil. Because the filter element can filter impurities in the transmission oil, ensure the cleanliness of the oil, and extend the service life of the transmission. If only the oil is changed without changing the filter element, the new oil will quickly become contaminated and fail to achieve good maintenance results.

　　机械无级自动变速箱（CVT）：特殊结构特殊对待

　　Mechanical continuously variable transmission (CVT): special structure, special treatment

　　CVT 内部结构较为特殊，主要以钢链带传动 。它通过两个可变直径的带轮和一条钢链带，实现传动比的连续变化，使车辆换挡更加平顺，动力输出更加线性。

　　The internal structure of CVT is relatively special, mainly driven by steel chain belt. It achieves continuous changes in transmission ratio through two variable diameter pulleys and a steel chain belt, making vehicle shifting smoother and power output more linear.

　　然而，正是由于这种特殊的传动方式，CVT 箱内会沉淀许多硬碎杂质。这些杂质主要来自钢链带和带轮的磨损，长期积累会影响变速箱的正常工作。因此，一般建议 CVT 变速箱行驶 6 - 8 万公里换一次油。及时更换变速箱油，可以有效清除这些杂质，保持油液的良好性能，减少对变速箱内部部件的磨损。

　　However, it is precisely because of this special transmission method that many hard debris will settle inside the CVT box. These impurities mainly come from the wear of steel chain belts and pulleys, and long-term accumulation can affect the normal operation of the gearbox. Therefore, it is generally recommended to change the oil once when driving a CVT gearbox for 60000 to 80000 kilometers. Timely replacement of transmission oil can effectively remove these impurities, maintain the good performance of the oil, and reduce wear on internal components of the transmission.

　　双离合自动变速箱（DSG）：干湿有别

　　Dual clutch automatic transmission (DSG): Different in dry and wet conditions

　　双离合自动变速箱分为干式和湿式两种形式 。它们都有两套离合器，一套负责奇数档，另一套负责偶数档，通过离合器的交替工作，实现快速换挡。

　　The dual clutch automatic transmission is divided into two forms: dry and wet. They all have two sets of clutches, one for odd gears and the other for even gears. Through the alternating operation of the clutches, quick gear shifts are achieved.

　　干式 DSG 的传动结构不复杂，工作相对稳定。由于其离合器片直接暴露在空气中，依靠风冷散热，所以一般行驶 10 万公里换一次油。不过，干式 DSG 在频繁启停的路况下，容易出现过热问题，所以在驾驶时要尽量避免长时间低速行驶和频繁换挡。

　　The transmission structure of dry DSG is not complex and its operation is relatively stable. Due to its clutch plates being directly exposed to the air and relying on air cooling for heat dissipation, it is generally recommended to change the oil every 100000 kilometers of driving. However, dry DSGs are prone to overheating issues in frequent start stop road conditions, so it is important to avoid prolonged low-speed driving and frequent gear shifts while driving.

　　湿式 DSG 的离合器片浸泡在油液中，通过油液进行润滑和散热，散热效率更高，可靠性也更强。但由于其传动结构的技术要求，建议行驶 6 - 8 万公里换一次油。湿式 DSG 更适合在城市拥堵路况下使用，能够更好地应对频繁启停的情况。

　　The clutch plates of wet DSG are immersed in oil for lubrication and heat dissipation, resulting in higher heat dissipation efficiency and greater reliability. However, due to the technical requirements of its transmission structure, it is recommended to change the oil every 60000 to 80000 kilometers of driving. Wet DSG is more suitable for use in congested urban road conditions and can better cope with frequent start stop situations.

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