济南自动变速箱作为汽车传动系统的核心部件，由多个精密配件协同工作，确保动力传递的平稳与高效，其主要配件可分为核心传动部件、液压控制部件、电子控制部件及辅助部件等类别。

　　As the core component of the automotive transmission system, Jinan automatic transmission is composed of multiple precision parts that work together to ensure smooth and efficient power transmission. Its main components can be divided into core transmission components, hydraulic control components, electronic control components, and auxiliary components.

　　核心传动部件是实现动力转换的关键。其中，液力变矩器通过液体传递动力，能缓冲发动机与变速箱之间的冲击，使起步更加平稳；行星齿轮组由太阳轮、行星轮和齿圈组成，通过不同的组合方式实现多个挡位的切换，满足车辆在不同速度下的动力需求；离合器和制动器则负责控制行星齿轮组的锁止与分离，实现挡位的精准转换，这些部件的精度直接影响变速箱的换挡平顺性。

　　The core transmission components are the key to achieving power conversion. Among them, the hydraulic torque converter transmits power through liquid, which can buffer the impact between the engine and gearbox, making the start smoother; The planetary gear set consists of a sun gear, planetary gears, and ring gears, which can be switched between multiple gears through different combinations to meet the power requirements of the vehicle at different speeds; The clutch and brake are responsible for controlling the locking and disengagement of the planetary gear set, achieving precise gear shifting. The accuracy of these components directly affects the smoothness of gear shifting in the gearbox.

　　液压控制部件在变速箱运行中起到调节作用。液压泵为整个液压系统提供压力油，确保液压元件正常工作；阀体是液压控制的 “中枢”，通过不同油路的切换控制油液流向离合器、制动器等部件，实现挡位变化；液压管路负责输送液压油，其密封性至关重要，若出现泄漏会导致变速箱压力不足，影响正常运行。

　　Hydraulic control components play a regulating role in the operation of the gearbox. The hydraulic pump provides pressure oil for the entire hydraulic system, ensuring the normal operation of hydraulic components; The valve body is the "center" of hydraulic control, which controls the flow of oil to components such as clutches and brakes through the switching of different oil circuits, achieving gear changes; The hydraulic pipeline is responsible for transporting hydraulic oil, and its sealing is crucial. If there is a leak, it will cause insufficient transmission pressure and affect normal operation.

　　电子控制部件是现代自动变速箱的 “大脑”。传感器包括车速传感器、节气门位置传感器、油温传感器等，实时监测车辆运行状态并将信号传递给电子控制单元（ECU）；ECU 根据传感器信号计算出最佳挡位，向液压控制部件发出指令；执行器则接收 ECU 的信号，控制液压阀的动作，实现自动换挡，电子控制部件的精准度能显著提升变速箱的响应速度与燃油经济性。

　　Electronic control components are the 'brain' of modern automatic transmissions. Sensors include speed sensors, throttle position sensors, oil temperature sensors, etc., which monitor the vehicle's operating status in real time and transmit signals to the electronic control unit (ECU); ECU calculates the optimal gear based on sensor signals and sends commands to hydraulic control components; The actuator receives signals from the ECU, controls the action of hydraulic valves, and achieves automatic shifting. The precision of electronic control components can significantly improve the response speed and fuel economy of the gearbox.

　　辅助部件虽不直接参与动力传递，但对变速箱的正常运行不可或缺。变速箱油液不仅起到润滑作用，还能传递液压压力、冷却部件，其品质和油量需定期检查更换；油底壳用于储存油液并保护内部部件，底部的滤网可过滤油液中的杂质，防止污染物进入精密部件造成磨损；密封件则保证变速箱的密封性，防止油液泄漏和外界杂质侵入。

　　Although auxiliary components do not directly participate in power transmission, they are indispensable for the normal operation of the gearbox. Transmission fluid not only provides lubrication, but also transmits hydraulic pressure and cools components. Its quality and oil level need to be checked and replaced regularly; The oil pan is used to store oil and protect internal components. The bottom filter can filter impurities in the oil to prevent pollutants from entering precision components and causing wear; Seals ensure the sealing of the gearbox, preventing oil leakage and external impurities from entering.

　　济南自动变速箱的各类配件相互配合，共同完成动力传递、挡位切换等功能，任何一个配件出现故障都可能影响变速箱的整体性能，因此在日常使用中需注重保养，及时发现并更换老化或损坏的配件，以延长变速箱的使用寿命。

　　The various components of Jinan automatic transmission cooperate with each other to complete functions such as power transmission and gear shifting. Any malfunction of any component may affect the overall performance of the transmission. Therefore, in daily use, it is necessary to pay attention to maintenance, timely detect and replace aging or damaged components, in order to extend the service life of the transmission.

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